{"id":2,"date":"2023-10-30T20:41:03","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T20:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/?page_id=2"},"modified":"2023-11-01T10:47:50","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T10:47:50","slug":"sample-page","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/","title":{"rendered":"Ozimn\u00e1 ra\u017e na zrno"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Zimn\u00e1 ra\u017e <\/strong>je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ou obilninou v na\u0161ej krajine. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sa v na\u0161ej krajine vy\u010dlen\u00ed pribli\u017ene 1 mili\u00f3n hekt\u00e1rov pol\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch \u0161peci\u00e1lne na pestovanie tejto plodiny. Met\u00f3dy o\u0161etrovania ozimnej ra\u017ee by sa mali dodr\u017eiava\u0165 \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie, preto\u017ee len tak mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 dobr\u00fd v\u00fdnos tejto plodiny.<br><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"303\" height=\"250\" class=\"wp-image-26\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9.jpg\" alt=\"obilie\" srcset=\"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9.jpg 303w, http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9-300x248.jpg 300w, http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edva<\/strong><br>Hlavn\u00fdm spotrebite\u013eom zrna ozimnej ra\u017ee je tradi\u010dne potravin\u00e1rsky priemysel. \u017ditn\u00e9 zrno sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edva na pe\u010denie pek\u00e1rensk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov. Aj zo zrna tejto rastliny sa vyr\u00e1ba \u0161krob a, samozrejme, ra\u017en\u00e1 m\u00faka, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva v dom\u00e1cnosti na pe\u010denie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/strong><br>  T\u00fato cenn\u00fa plodinu mo\u017eno pestova\u0165 v mnoh\u00fdch oblastiach na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie v\u00fdnosy ra\u017ee sa zbieraj\u00fa na Ukrajine, v Kazachstane, Bielorusku a Ruskej feder\u00e1cii. Met\u00f3dy o\u0161etrovania ozimnej ra\u017ee vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto regi\u00f3noch s\u00fa ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 a boli vyvinut\u00e9 s oh\u013eadom na v\u0161etky biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti tejto plodiny.<br>  Ra\u017e je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 rastlina. Hlavnou v\u00fdhodou ra\u017ee je jej odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di n\u00edzkym teplot\u00e1m. Dokonca aj po\u010das tak\u00fdch z\u00edm, ke\u010f v\u00f4bec nie je sneh, ra\u017e zn\u00e1\u0161a mrazy a\u017e do -25 \u00b0C. Semen\u00e1 tejto plodiny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa kl\u00ed\u010di\u0165. Semen\u00e1 tejto kult\u00fary za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa kl\u00ed\u010di\u0165 okam\u017eite po tom, ako sa teplota dostane do plusu a dosiahne aspo\u0148 +1 \u00b0C. A tie\u017e ra\u017e je \u00faplne nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na predplodiny a zlo\u017eenie p\u00f4dy. Jedinou podmienkou pre z\u00edskanie dobrej \u00farody - na p\u00f4de je potrebn\u00e9 vyrobi\u0165 vysokokvalitn\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fa a predsejbov\u00fa \u00fapravu p\u00f4dy.<br>   \u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm \"plusom\" tejto kult\u00fary je odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di suchu. Kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ra\u017ee je ove\u013ea silnej\u0161\u00ed ako u v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny ostatn\u00fdch obiln\u00edn. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu ra\u017e nikdy nem\u00e1 nedostatok \u017eiv\u00edn a prvkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Osobitosti striedania plod\u00edn<\/strong><br>Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, ra\u017e nie je v\u00f4bec n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na predchodcov, ale met\u00f3dy pestovania, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dnes, st\u00e1le predpokladaj\u00fa dodr\u017eiavanie ur\u010dit\u00e9ho striedania plod\u00edn. Za najlep\u0161\u00edch predchodcov ra\u017ee sa pova\u017euj\u00fa tak\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske plodiny ako napr:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u010fatelina;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zemiaky;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u013ean;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>slne\u010dnica;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lupina;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zmesi strukov\u00edn a ovsa;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kukurica;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010dist\u00fd \u00fahor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ra\u017e mo\u017eno zaradi\u0165 medzi t\u00fdch nieko\u013eko po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych rastl\u00edn, z ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 dobr\u00fa \u00farodu pestovan\u00edm na jednom mieste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edprava p\u00f4dy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K tomuto procesu pestovania ra\u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 pristupova\u0165 s maxim\u00e1lnou zodpovednos\u0165ou. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee predchodcami tejto plodiny boli tak\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske rastliny ako zemiaky alebo cukrov\u00e1 repa - \u00faprava p\u00f4dy by sa mala vykon\u00e1va\u0165 v h\u013abke aspo\u0148 10-12 cm, a ak boli predchodcami viacro\u010dn\u00e9 strukoviny - v h\u013abke 25-30 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Met\u00f3dy o\u0161etrovania ozimnej ra\u017ee: hnojenie p\u00f4dy<\/strong><br>Na zlo\u017eenie p\u00f4dy je t\u00e1to po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska plodina prakticky nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, ale pou\u017eitie hnoj\u00edv umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdnosy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Intenz\u00edvne met\u00f3dy pestovania plod\u00edn zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvanie dvoch hlavn\u00fdch typov hnojenia - miner\u00e1lneho a organick\u00e9ho. Po obilnin\u00e1ch a obilnin\u00e1ch by sa p\u00f4da, ktor\u00e1 sa bude vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na pestovanie ozimnej ra\u017ee, mala hnoji\u0165 organick\u00fdmi hnojivami v pomere +\/- 25 t\/ha. Na jar, ke\u010f sa akt\u00edvne obnovuje veget\u00e1cia, by sa mala plodina hnoji\u0165 dus\u00edkom v pomere +\/- 95 t\/ha. Ak s\u00fa hodnoty pH ni\u017e\u0161ie ako 5,5, okrem v\u0161etk\u00e9ho ostatn\u00e9ho by sa malo vykona\u0165 aj v\u00e1pnenie p\u00f4dy.<br>Starostlivos\u0165 o rastlinu po\u010das vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00edskanie dobrej \u00farody ozimnej ra\u017ee je po\u010das jej v\u00fdvoja potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 cel\u00fd komplex r\u00f4znych agrotechnick\u00fdch postupov. Ihne\u010f po zasiat\u00ed semien by sa malo pole zvalcova\u0165. Po tomto procese sa v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161\u00ed kontakt medzi p\u00f4dou a osivom a ur\u00fdchli sa kapil\u00e1rny vzostup vlhkosti. V d\u00f4sledku toho zrno v p\u00f4de r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie napu\u010d\u00ed a kl\u00ed\u010dky bud\u00fa priate\u013eskej\u0161ie. Na jese\u0148 by sa polia, na ktor\u00fdch sa pestuje ra\u017e, mali o\u0161etri\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi pr\u00edpravkami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na ni\u010denie plesne sne\u017enej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V zimnom obdob\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9 na poliach, kde sa pestuje ozimn\u00e1 ra\u017e, vykona\u0165 postup zadr\u017eiavania snehu. V\u010faka tomu sa mlad\u00e9 rastliny m\u00f4\u017eu chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred vymrznut\u00edm. Ako dok\u00e1zali odborn\u00edci - vrstva snehu +\/- 40 cm dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 rastliny aj v pr\u00edpade ve\u013emi siln\u00fdch mrazov.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/grain.st\/\">https:\/\/grain.st\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na jar by sa polia s touto plodinou mali zabra\u0165. Technika na pestovanie tejto plodiny by sa mala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e1 - traktory s namontovan\u00fdm ihli\u010dkov\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm. Tento postup umo\u017e\u0148uje dokonale vyrovna\u0165 vrchn\u00fa vrstvu p\u00f4dy, ako aj nas\u00fdti\u0165 ju kysl\u00edkom a vlhkos\u0165ou. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje kl\u00ed\u010divos\u0165 a kl\u00ed\u010dky sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie. Br\u00e1nenie by sa malo vykon\u00e1va\u0165 po roztopen\u00ed snehu a vyschnut\u00ed samotnej p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre pln\u00fd rozvoj a rast rastliny by sa mala hnoji\u0165 dus\u00edkom. Toto hnojivo sa najlep\u0161ie aplikuje kore\u0148ovou aplik\u00e1ciou. Taktie\u017e po za\u010diatku kyprenia (k\u00fdm sa nevytvor\u00ed r\u00fara) je potrebn\u00e9 o\u0161etri\u0165 p\u00f4du herbic\u00eddmi. Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 bur\u00edn na pozemkoch, kde sa pestuje ozimn\u00e1 ra\u017e, m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdnosy.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ako bojova\u0165 proti chorob\u00e1m ra\u017ee<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ra\u017e je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 plodina. Po\u010das pestovania ju v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 r\u00f4zne mikroorganizmy alebo \u0161kodcovia. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu techniky pestovania ra\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa okrem in\u00e9ho aj kontrolu hmyzu. Pomerne \u010dasto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ra\u017e po\u010das pestovania napadnut\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00fa\u010dnatka;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>snehov\u00e1 plese\u0148<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kore\u0148ov\u00e1 hniloba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zber \u00farody<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd proces by sa mal vykona\u0165 v\u010das, preto\u017ee pri neskorom zbere sa zrno m\u00f4\u017ee za\u010da\u0165 drobi\u0165. Obdobie zberu tejto plodiny m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 +\/- 10 dn\u00ed. Pri vlhkom po\u010das\u00ed je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u017ea\u0165 ra\u017e \u010do najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Met\u00f3dy pestovania ozimnej ra\u017ee v na\u0161ej krajine s\u00fa prakticky rovnak\u00e9. Zber tejto plodiny sa m\u00f4\u017ee vykon\u00e1va\u0165 bu\u010f oddelen\u00fdm zberom, alebo priamym zberom. Ak sa pou\u017eije priamy zber, zber by sa mal vykona\u0165 po dosiahnut\u00ed plnej zrelosti a vlhkos\u0165 zrna by mala dosiahnu\u0165 +\/- 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa pou\u017eije oddelen\u00fd zber, je potrebn\u00e9 po\u010dka\u0165 do \u0161t\u00e1dia voskovej zrelosti, ke\u010f sa vlhkos\u0165 zrna pohybuje medzi 35-40%. Ra\u017e sa kos\u00ed \u017eac\u00edmi strojmi a ml\u00e1tenie sa za\u010d\u00edna hne\u010f, ako je zrno \u00faplne such\u00e9 (3 - 5 dn\u00ed).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ozimn\u00e1 ra\u017e je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ou obilninou v na\u0161ej krajine. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sa v na\u0161ej krajine vy\u010dlen\u00ed pribli\u017ene 1 mili\u00f3n hekt\u00e1rov pol\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch \u0161peci\u00e1lne na pestovanie tejto plodiny. Met\u00f3dy o\u0161etrovania ozimnej ra\u017ee by sa mali dodr\u017eiava\u0165 \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie, preto\u017ee len tak mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 dobr\u00fd v\u00fdnos tejto plodiny. Pou\u017eitiePou\u017eitie...&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ozimn\u00e1 ra\u017e na zrno<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":"[]"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2\/revisions\/40"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}