{"id":2,"date":"2023-10-30T20:41:03","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T20:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/?page_id=2"},"modified":"2023-11-01T10:47:50","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T10:47:50","slug":"sample-page","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/","title":{"rendered":"Ozim\u00e9 \u017eito na zrno"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Zimn\u00ed \u017eito <\/strong>je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obilninou v na\u0161\u00ed zemi. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b je v na\u0161\u00ed zemi pro tuto plodinu vy\u010dlen\u011bno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 milion hektar\u016f pol\u00ed. Metody o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat co nejp\u0159esn\u011bji, proto\u017ee jen tak lze dos\u00e1hnout dobr\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu t\u00e9to plodiny.<br><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"303\" height=\"250\" class=\"wp-image-26\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9.jpg\" alt=\"obil\u00ed\" srcset=\"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9.jpg 303w, http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9-300x248.jpg 300w, http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/csm_6c2e25d64d_1__ff25928fc9-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/strong><br>Hlavn\u00edm spot\u0159ebitelem zrna ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita je tradi\u010dn\u011b potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. \u017ditn\u00e9 zrno se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k pe\u010den\u00ed pe\u010diva. Tak\u00e9 ze zrna t\u00e9to rostliny se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed \u0161krob a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017eitn\u00e1 mouka, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v dom\u00e1cnosti na pe\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/strong><br>  Tuto cennou plodinu lze p\u011bstovat v mnoha oblastech na\u0161\u00ed planety. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnosy \u017eita se skl\u00edzej\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b, v Kazachst\u00e1nu, B\u011blorusku a Rusk\u00e9 federaci. Metody o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita jsou ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto regionech velmi podobn\u00e9 a byly vyvinuty s ohledem na v\u0161echny biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti t\u00e9to plodiny.<br>  \u017dito je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 rostlina. Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou \u017eita je jeho odolnost v\u016f\u010di n\u00edzk\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m. Dokonce i b\u011bhem takov\u00fdch zim, kdy nen\u00ed v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sn\u00edh, snese \u017eito mrazy a\u017e do -25 \u00b0C. Semena t\u00e9to plodiny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dit. Semena t\u00e9to kultury za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dit ihned pot\u00e9, co se teplota dostane do plusu a dos\u00e1hne alespo\u0148 +1 \u00b0C. A tak\u00e9 je \u017eito zcela nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na p\u0159edplodinu a slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fdy. Jedinou podm\u00ednkou pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9 sklizn\u011b - na p\u016fd\u011b je nutn\u00e9 vyrobit kvalitn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a p\u0159edse\u0165ovou \u00fapravu p\u016fdy.<br>   Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \"plusem\" t\u00e9to kultury je odolnost v\u016f\u010di suchu. Ko\u0159enov\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u017eita je mnohem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch obilovin. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu \u017eitu nikdy nechyb\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u017eiviny a prvky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin<\/strong><br>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, \u017eito nen\u00ed v\u016fbec n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na p\u0159edky, ale dnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1le p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin. Za nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edch\u016fdce \u017eita jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny takov\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 plodiny jako nap\u0159:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>jetel;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>brambory;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>len;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>slune\u010dnice;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lupina;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sm\u011bsi lu\u0161t\u011bnin a ovsa;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kuku\u0159ice;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010dist\u00fd \u00fahor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dito lze za\u0159adit k t\u011bm n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm rostlin\u00e1m, jejich\u017e p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm na jednom m\u00edst\u011b lze dos\u00e1hnout dobr\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edprava p\u016fdy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K tomuto procesu p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eita je t\u0159eba p\u0159istupovat s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee p\u0159edch\u016fdci t\u00e9to plodiny byly takov\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 rostliny jako brambory nebo cukrov\u00e1 \u0159epa - o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed p\u016fdy by m\u011blo b\u00fdt provedeno v hloubce nejm\u00e9n\u011b 10-12 cm, a pokud byly p\u0159edch\u016fdci v\u00edcelet\u00e9 luskoviny - v hloubce 25-30 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Metody o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita: hnojen\u00ed p\u016fdy<\/strong><br>Na slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fdy je tato zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 plodina prakticky nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, ale pou\u017eit\u00ed hnojiv umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdnosy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Intenzivn\u00ed metody p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to plodiny zahrnuj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch typ\u016f hnojen\u00ed - miner\u00e1ln\u00edho a organick\u00e9ho. Po obilovin\u00e1ch a obiln\u00fdch plodin\u00e1ch by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u016fda, kter\u00e1 bude vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita, hnojena organick\u00fdmi hnojivy v pom\u011bru +\/- 25 t\/ha. Na ja\u0159e, kdy se aktivn\u011b obnovuje vegetace, by se m\u011blo hnojit dus\u00edkem v pom\u011bru +\/- 95 t\/ha. Pokud jsou hodnoty pH ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5,5, m\u011blo by b\u00fdt krom\u011b v\u0161eho ostatn\u00edho provedeno v\u00e1pn\u011bn\u00ed pozemku.<br>P\u00e9\u010de o rostlinu b\u011bhem vegetace<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9 \u00farody ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita je b\u011bhem jeho v\u00fdvoje nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st cel\u00fd komplex r\u016fzn\u00fdch agrotechnick\u00fdch postup\u016f. Ihned po zaset\u00ed semen je t\u0159eba pole uv\u00e1lcovat. Po tomto procesu se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161\u00ed kontakt mezi p\u016fdou a osivem a urychl\u00ed se kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed vzl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vlhkosti. V d\u016fsledku toho bude zrno v p\u016fd\u011b rychleji bobtnat a kl\u00ed\u010dky budou p\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Na podzim je t\u0159eba pole, na kter\u00fdch se p\u011bstuje \u017eito, o\u0161et\u0159it speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpravky, kter\u00e9 jsou ur\u010deny k ni\u010den\u00ed pl\u00edsn\u011b sn\u011b\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed je na pol\u00edch, kde se p\u011bstuje ozim\u00e9 \u017eito, nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st postup zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu. D\u00edky tomu mohou b\u00fdt mlad\u00e9 rostliny chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed vymrznut\u00edm. Jak bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no odborn\u00edky - vrstva sn\u011bhu o tlou\u0161\u0165ce +\/- 40 cm dok\u00e1\u017ee rostliny ochr\u00e1nit i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b velmi siln\u00fdch mraz\u016f.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/grain.st\/\">https:\/\/grain.st\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na ja\u0159e by se pole s touto plodinou m\u011bla zaorat. Technika pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to plodiny by m\u011bla b\u00fdt standardn\u00ed - traktory s namontovan\u00fdm jehlov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Tento postup umo\u017e\u0148uje dokonale urovnat vrchn\u00ed vrstvu p\u016fdy a tak\u00e9 ji nasytit kysl\u00edkem a vlhkost\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku toho se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje kl\u00ed\u010divost a kl\u00ed\u010dky se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed aktivn\u011bji. Br\u00e1zd\u011bn\u00ed by se m\u011blo prov\u00e1d\u011bt po rozt\u00e1t\u00ed sn\u011bhu a vyschnut\u00ed samotn\u00e9 p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro pln\u00fd rozvoj a r\u016fst rostliny by m\u011bla b\u00fdt hnojena dus\u00edkem. Toto hnojivo se nejl\u00e9pe aplikuje ko\u0159enovou aplikac\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 po za\u010d\u00e1tku ra\u0161en\u00ed (do vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bulvy) je nutn\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159it pozemek herbicidy. P\u0159\u00edtomnost plevel\u016f na pozemc\u00edch, kde se p\u011bstuje ozim\u00e9 \u017eito, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdnosy.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jak bojovat proti chorob\u00e1m \u017eita<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dito je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 plodina. B\u011bhem p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt napadeno r\u016fzn\u00fdmi mikroorganismy nebo \u0161k\u016fdci. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu zahrnuj\u00ed techniky p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eita mimo jin\u00e9 i ochranu proti hmyzu. Pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u017eito b\u011bhem p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed napadeno:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>mou\u010dn\u00e1 pl\u00edse\u0148;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pl\u00edse\u0148<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ko\u0159enov\u00e1 hniloba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sklize\u0148<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd proces je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st v\u010das, proto\u017ee p\u0159i pozdn\u00ed sklizni se zrno m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt drolit. Doba sklizn\u011b t\u00e9to plodiny m\u016f\u017ee trvat +\/- 10 dn\u00ed. P\u0159i vlhk\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 skl\u00edzet \u017eito co nejrychleji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zp\u016fsoby p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita jsou u n\u00e1s prakticky stejn\u00e9. Sklize\u0148 t\u00e9to plodiny lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt bu\u010f odd\u011blenou sklizn\u00ed, nebo p\u0159\u00edmou sklizn\u00ed. Pokud bude pou\u017eita p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 sklize\u0148, pak by sklize\u0148 m\u011bla b\u00fdt provedena po dosa\u017een\u00ed pln\u00e9 zralosti a vlhkost zrna by m\u011bla dos\u00e1hnout +\/- 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i odd\u011blen\u00e9 sklizni je nutn\u00e9 po\u010dkat do f\u00e1ze voskov\u00e9 zralosti, kdy se vlhkost zrna pohybuje mezi 35-40%. \u017dito se se\u010de \u017eac\u00edmi stroji a ml\u00e1cen\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1, jakmile je zrno zcela such\u00e9 (3-5 dn\u00ed).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ozim\u00e9 \u017eito je u n\u00e1s nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obilninou. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b je v na\u0161\u00ed zemi pro tuto plodinu vy\u010dlen\u011bno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 milion hektar\u016f pol\u00ed. Metody o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ozim\u00e9ho \u017eita je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat co nejp\u0159esn\u011bji, proto\u017ee jen tak lze dos\u00e1hnout dobr\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu t\u00e9to plodiny. Pou\u017eit\u00ed\u017dito je...&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1le \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ozim\u00e9 \u017eito na zrno<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":"[]"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2\/revisions\/40"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/95.217.75.49\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}